Vertical playbook · revenue operating system for adtech GTM

Performance & Native Playbook.

Revenue operating system for native, recommendation, commerce, and performance platforms moving from mid-market spend into enterprise agency and brand budgets.

Native and recommendation platforms do not lose enterprise deals because buyers dislike performance. They lose when the category is framed as cheap clicks, widget inventory, or mid-market DR spend instead of a measurable commerce and outcome layer. The work is to make the platform legible to holdcos, brands, performance teams, commerce media buyers, and finance.

Native is not a format problem. It is a revenue operating-system problem.

REVENUE OPERATING SYSTEMACV trajectory — moving the average contract from ~$144K toward $230K+ is the core enterprise-revenue lever, not raw logo count.ACV TRAJECTORY$230K+$144KRep productivity — senior reps carry the enterprise motion; the ramp from junior to senior+ is what lifts the team toward the $4.7M ceiling.JuniorMidSrSenior+REP PRODUCTIVITY$4.7M ceilingClose probability — at ~$144K ACV a typical win rate sits near 20%, so pipeline coverage and forecast discipline matter as much as the pitch.CLOSE PROBABILITY20%at $144K ACV120 pipetracked weekly23 closedquota-modelled$3.3M bookedEnterprise contract path — single-year deals are the start; renewal, multi-year MSA, and strategic/category status are where the revenue compounds.ENTERPRISE CONTRACT PATHSingle-year dealRenewal + expansionMulti-year MSAStrategic / category
The revenue operating system — ACV, rep productivity, win-rate, and the enterprise contract path. Hover a tile for detail.
Executive summary

It is rarely only the product.

Most native and recommendation platforms hit a ceiling when they try to move from direct-response budgets into enterprise media plans. The issue is rarely only product. It is the commercial system: category frame, buyer map, quota math, proof, measurement, retail-media adjacency, and holdco access.

Native and recommendation platforms are growing fast — but the bottleneck on US enterprise scale isn't product. It's rep productivity, ACV expansion, and how the platform shows up at the CMO table. I've sold native-data deals into Omnicom's Annalect and led $2B+ media on the agency side at Hearts & Science. I know what holdco committees actually evaluate.

Competitive
Refresh the competitive story around the merged Teads / Outbrain market structure.
Access
Update the holdco map for Omnicom-IPG, Publicis, WPP Media, and the independent / specialist ecosystem.
Measurement
Prove incrementality, not just attributed clicks.
Positioning
Reposition native from traffic arbitrage into commerce, content, recommendation, and outcome infrastructure.
Operating model
Tie marketing, sales, data, and product marketing to revenue through M-Sales and D-Sales.
Brand-side fluencyHearts & Science Executive MD — $2B+ media across S&P 500 clients; sold native data into Omnicom’s Annalect at multi-million ACV.
Quota-math disciplineModels rep productivity ($3.25M–$4.7M / FTE against a $144K–$230K+ ACV trajectory) — operator math, not pitch math.
Cross-region operatingVerve Group book at 114% on-target in Q1 2024; LATAM 274%.
M-Sales + D-SalesMarketing, data, and product marketing pulled into a single quota-linked revenue function.
Choose your problem
Why now

State of performance and native: 2026.

The context a US buyer already holds. A challenger that does not address it gets dismissed before the pitch.

Teads and Outbrain are now one competitive object

Outbrain acquired Teads and the combined business operates under the name Teads (corporate parent Teads Holding Co., Nasdaq: TEAD; the deal closed February 2025). The old map of Teads vs Outbrain vs challengers is gone. The new question is what openings the combined platform creates for focused challengers.

Holdco access has been redrawn

Omnicom completed its acquisition of Interpublic in November 2025, creating the world’s largest ad holding company. Media now sits under Omnicom Media (OMD, PHD, Hearts & Science, UM, Initiative, Mediahub), with Acxiom and Annalect as the data backbone. A US motion must account for Omnicom-IPG, Publicis, WPP Media, and independents.

Incrementality is the buyer filter

Performance buyers are increasingly skeptical of attributed outcomes that cannot prove incremental value. Native and recommendation platforms need lift, geo tests, MMM reconciliation, or credible causal measurement — not just clicks.

Commerce and retail media are pulling performance budgets

Retail media, commerce media, and closed-loop sales measurement are reshaping where outcome budgets move. Native platforms need to explain how they connect to product discovery, commerce intent, and measurable sales.

AI is changing media execution

Agentic buying, AI planning, automated optimization, and platform copilots are changing how campaigns are planned, launched, and measured — from Trade Desk Kokai to Taboola’s Realize+ and emerging agent-to-agent buying standards. The page should say where native platforms fit.

Quality, brand safety, and transparency matter again

Native’s legacy baggage — clickbait, arbitrage, MFA, low-quality widgets — must be answered directly. MFA’s direct share has fallen sharply (ANA), but enterprise buyers still demand premium supply, transparent economics, brand safety, and measurable outcomes.

Market + platform references last validated: June 2026 — revalidate before pitch use. The Teads/Outbrain merger, the Omnicom-IPG close, and the GroupM → WPP Media rebrand are all reflected.

Market references last validated: June 6, 2026. Revalidate before pitch use.Sources: Teads/Outbrain, Omnicom-IPG, WPP Media, holdco + competitor map.

Category evolution

Native → recommendation → commerce → outcome.

Native stopped being a format years ago. The category is moving right — from a placement, to a recommendation engine, to a commerce and content-discovery layer, to outcome infrastructure. Position at the outcome end, not the widget end.

Where the category is moving A left-to-right path of 4 steps: Native format → Recommendation engine → Commerce + content discovery → Outcome infrastructure. 1 Native format 2 Recommendationengine 3 Commerce +content discovery 4 Outcomeinfrastructure
Position at the outcome end of the line, not the widget end.
Competitive map

What changed — and where a challenger wins.

The old peer set treated Teads, Outbrain, Revcontent, Taboola, and others as a stable board. That board changed. The Teads / Outbrain combination creates a larger omnichannel performance-and-branding platform — but it also creates openings: integration complexity, product focus, service model, customer disruption, and challenger positioning.

The merger creates one scaled incumbent — and one larger integration surface. A challenger does not need to out-scale Teads. It needs to win the buyer who wants focus, transparency, vertical depth, faster customization, and incrementality proof.

Scaled native / recommendation incumbents · validated

  • Teads (Outbrain + Teads, merged)
  • Taboola (Realize / Realize+)
  • Revcontent
  • MGID
  • Readpeak
  • Dianomi (niche / financial)

Commerce / retail media adjacency

  • Criteo
  • CitrusAd (powered by Epsilon)
  • Amazon Ads
  • Walmart Connect
  • Instacart (Carrot Ads)
  • Roundel (Target)
  • Kroger Precision Marketing (84.51°)

Performance platforms / DSPs

  • The Trade Desk (Kokai)
  • Viant
  • Google DV360
  • Amazon DSP
  • Yahoo DSP
  • StackAdapt
  • Quantcast
  • Adform

Publisher / content recommendation layers

  • publisher direct
  • SSP curation
  • premium publisher data products
  • contextual + attention vendors

AI / agentic media-buying layer

  • platform copilots (Kokai, Realize+)
  • Reddit Max Campaigns (beta)
  • AdCP / agent-to-agent buying
  • autonomous DSP optimization

Where a challenger can win

ArchetypeWhy buyers use itWhere a challenger can winProof needed
Teads (Outbrain + Teads)Scale, brand recognition, cross-screen ambition, established agency accessFocus, transparency, service, measurement clarity, commerce integration, faster customizationIncrementality, supply quality, case study, buyer-specific economics
TaboolaScale, publisher footprint, performance demand (Realize / Realize+)Premium positioning, outcome proof, brand safety, vertical-specific storyQuality, efficiency, lower waste, incremental outcomes
Retail / commerce mediaClosed-loop sales and shopper dataOpen-web extension, content discovery, offsite commerce, cross-publisher discoverySales lift, basket / SKU signal, incrementality
DSPsOmnichannel reach and automated buyingNative-specific context, commerce discovery, content engagement, publisher packagingUnique supply, audience quality, outcome lift

Do not publish competitor status claims without current verification. Nativo has been acquired by Life360 (announced Nov 2025, completed Jan 2026) — no longer an independent peer; Criteo is the subject of acquisition speculation and a France → Luxembourg → US domicile move, with no buyer confirmed.

Competitive set last validated: June 2026. Re-validate before any pitch.

Holdco map

Agency access, post Omnicom-IPG.

The access map changed. A 2026 US enterprise motion should treat Omnicom-IPG as a combined power center, then map Publicis, WPP Media, independents, specialist performance agencies, commerce agencies, and consultancies separately.

Omnicom (incl. IPG) · merged Nov 2025

  • Omnicom Media
  • OMD
  • PHD
  • Hearts & Science
  • UM
  • Initiative
  • Mediahub
  • Annalect + Acxiom (data)

Publicis

  • Starcom
  • Zenith
  • Spark Foundry
  • Performics
  • Epsilon
  • CitrusAd
  • PMX

WPP Media · GroupM rebranded 2025

  • WPP Media
  • Mindshare
  • Wavemaker
  • EssenceMediacom
  • Choreograph (data)
  • WPP Open (tech)

Independents / performance specialists

  • Tinuiti
  • PMG
  • Horizon Media
  • Kepler
  • MiQ
  • Goodway Group
  • Jellyfish (Brandtech)

Consultancies / commerce specialists

  • Accenture Song
  • Deloitte Digital
  • retail-media operators
  • commerce-media specialists

How to enter each — the corridor

Holding groupBest entry corridor
Omnicom (incl. IPG)data / investment / transformation corridor — via Annalect + Acxiom
Publiciscommerce corridor — via Epsilon / CitrusAd + PMX
WPP Mediamedia + data-governance corridor — via Choreograph / WPP Open
Independentsspeed + differentiated-outcomes corridor — direct to activation leads
Consultancies / commercecommerce-transformation corridor

Buyer map

Holding groupEntry pointWhat they care aboutProof requiredCommon stall
Omnicom (incl. IPG)Omnicom Media — investment / programmatic / partnershipsScaled, safe, measurable supply; data fit with Annalect / AcxiomStandards alignment + repeatable measurementProcurement + integration after the merger
PublicisPublicis Media (Starcom / Zenith) + PMXPerformance + commerce (Epsilon / CitrusAd) fitCommerce outcomes + identity fitEpsilon-centric data gravity
WPP MediaWPP Media investment + ChoreographScaled investment + data governanceQuality + measurement at scalePost-rebrand reorganization
IndependentsDirect to activation / investment leadsDifferentiated outcomes, speed, serviceEfficiency + incrementalityLean teams, no time to learn a new vendor
Consultancies / commerceCommerce / retail-media practice leadsClosed-loop commerce + transformation fitSales lift + integrationLong enterprise cycles

Holdco map last validated: June 2026. WPP leadership is in transition — verify the current WPP CEO before naming individuals.

The system

The revenue operating system.

The quota math is not a slide — it is a system. A pipeline that closes at a known rate into a known ACV, powered by two engines (M-Sales and D-Sales), compounding into enterprise expansion. The figures below are the operator’s illustrative model, not claimed client results.

Performance revenue operating system A pipeline funnel (120 qualified opportunities → 20% close rate → 23 closed deals → $144–230K ACV → $3.3M+ booked revenue), powered by two engines — M-Sales (category POV, account triggers, narrative + proof, field enablement, content, event strategy) and D-Sales (data products, buyer segmentation, use-case packaging, product telemetry, revenue analytics, proof loops) — compounding into enterprise expansion (higher ACV, holdco access, repeatable packages, measurement confidence, commerce / retail adjacency). THE PIPELINE MATH — QUALIFIED → BOOKED 120 qualified opportunities 20% close rate 23 closed deals $144–230K ACV $3.3M+ booked revenue M-SALES category POV account triggers narrative + proof field enablement content event strategy D-SALES data products buyer segmentation use-case packaging product telemetry revenue analytics proof loops MARKETING → QUOTA DATA + PRODUCT MARKETING → QUOTA ENTERPRISE EXPANSION higher ACV · holdco access · repeatable packages · measurement confidence · commerce / retail adjacency
Pipeline math → two engines → enterprise expansion
Rep productivity ramp A rising productivity curve across phases: 0–3 mo · Ramp (onboarding), 3–6 mo · Productive ($3.25M / FTE), 6–12 mo · Scaling (higher ACV), 12 mo+ · Senior ($4.7M+ / FTE). Booked revenue per senior FTE → onboarding 0–3 mo · Ramp $3.25M / FTE 3–6 mo · Productive higher ACV 6–12 mo · Scaling $4.7M+ / FTE 12 mo+ · Senior
Rep productivity ramp — illustrative operator model
The engines

M-Sales + D-Sales: the operating model.

M-Sales

Marketing pulled into quota. Category POV, account triggers, proof, field enablement, buyer objections, content, and event strategy are built to create pipeline and accelerate deals — not to run brand campaigns.

D-Sales

Data and product marketing tied to revenue. Segmentation, use-case packaging, product telemetry, revenue analytics, proof loops, and commercial insight are designed to improve sales velocity and ACV.

FunctionOld modelM-Sales / D-Sales modelOutput
Marketingcampaigns and brandrevenue narrative and qualified demandaccount triggers, POV, proof assets
Product marketingfeature messagingbuyer-specific commercial packaginguse-case offers, pitch modules
Datadashboardsrevenue intelligenceaccount scoring, vertical signals, proof loops
Salesrelationship-led outreachaccount motion with quantified narrativepipeline, ACV, close-rate improvement
Customer successsupport and renewalexpansion and proof generationcase studies, NDR, stakeholder maps
Measurement

Measurement is the enterprise filter.

Performance platforms can no longer rely on platform-attributed clicks alone. Enterprise buyers want to know whether the platform created incremental value, shifted demand, and improved commerce outcomes — or just captured existing intent. Six layers, resolving into a budget decision.

Performance measurement stack → budget decision A stack of 6 layers, top to bottom: Platform reporting, Quality + supply controls, Incrementality, Commerce + retail outcomes, MMM / BI reconciliation, Finance-approved value. 1 PLATFORM REPORTING clicks · visits · conversions · CPA / ROAS · engagement · dwell 2 QUALITY + SUPPLY CONTROLS viewability · IVT · MFA exclusion · placement quality · brand safety · attention 3 INCREMENTALITY geo-lift · PSA tests · holdouts · conversion lift · matched-market · ghost ads 4 COMMERCE + RETAIL OUTCOMES SKU sales · basket · new-to-brand · repeat purchase · closed-loop · clean-room 5 MMM / BI RECONCILIATION response curves · saturation · channel contribution · allocation · Meridian / Robyn 6 FINANCE-APPROVED VALUE CAC payback · contribution margin · LTV · incremental revenue · profit-adjusted ROAS
Performance measurement stack → budget decision

Proof that survives an enterprise committee

ClaimWeak proofBetter proofEnterprise-ready proof
Drives conversionslast-click platform reportingMMP / site-analytics reconciliationincrementality test + BI view
Drives commerceattributed salesmatched sales / retail reportincremental sales / SKU-level lift / MMM
Improves efficiencylower CPAcomparable CPA by cohortprofit-adjusted CAC / LTV
Expands reachimpressionsdeduped reachincremental reach / frequency distribution
Improves qualitypublisher listviewability / IVT / brand safetyquality-adjusted outcome model
Commerce + retail media

Commerce and retail media expansion.

Native and recommendation platforms have a natural role in commerce discovery, but they need to prove more than traffic. The opportunity is to connect content engagement, product discovery, retailer data, offsite activation, and measurable commerce outcomes.

Commerce discovery

Native placements can drive product discovery before branded search or marketplace purchase.

Retail offsite extension

Native can extend retailer audiences beyond owned properties — but measurement must reconcile with RMN rules.

Content-to-commerce

Publisher content, recommendations, and commerce links can become measurable shopping journeys.

Closed-loop proof

Where retail or commerce signals exist, show sales lift, basket impact, new-to-brand, or repeat purchase.

Clean-room collaboration

Retailer, publisher, and brand data may need clean-room paths to prove value without exposing raw data.

Incrementality requirement

Retail media buyers increasingly ask whether sales were incremental or just attributed.

Native commerce expansion map Native / content discovery extends into: Commerce discovery, Retail offsite extension, Content-to-commerce, Closed-loop proof, Clean-room collaboration. The bar is incremental sales — not attributed clicks. Native / contentdiscovery open-web reach + context Commerce discovery demand before branded search Retail offsite extension RMN audiences beyond owned sites Content-to-commerce shoppable journeys Closed-loop proof sales lift · NTB · basket Clean-room collaboration prove value, protect data The bar is incremental sales — not attributed clicks.
Native commerce expansion map
Commerce use caseData neededOutputWatch-out
Product discoverycontent context, product feed, audience signalproduct visits / saleslast-click bias
Offsite retailretailer audience, publisher inventory, conversion feedattributed + incremental salesRMN measurement inconsistency
Content commercearticle context, SKU, affiliate / commerce linkcommerce engagementpublisher incentive bias
Closed-loop salestransaction / loyalty / clean roomsales lift / NTB / basketwalled-garden reporting
Product + format

What native means in 2026.

Native is not one unit. Each format has a different job, buyer, and measurement watch-out — and selling them as a blur is what keeps the category in the cheap-traffic box.

Recommendation widgets

Use

content discovery, performance, lead gen, ecommerce traffic

Watch-out

legacy clickbait perception + publisher quality

In-feed native

Use

social-like performance, content, commerce, app, lead gen

Watch-out

creative fatigue + platform comparability

Sponsored / branded content

Use

consideration, education, thought leadership, high-intent audiences

Watch-out

measurement beyond engagement

Native video

Use

attention, storytelling, mid-funnel, CTV / video adjacency

Watch-out

viewability, completion, premium-supply proof

Commerce native

Use

product discovery, shoppable content, retail / affiliate / marketplace

Watch-out

incremental sales proof

CTV / cross-screen native

Use

brand-to-performance, household reach, sequential messaging

Watch-out

identity, dedupe, measurement bridge

Recommendation API / AI discovery

Use

personalized content, product, offer, experience recommendations

Watch-out

governance, bias, explainability, data rights

Agentic era

Native in the agentic buying era.

Performance buying is shifting from manual setup to goal-based, AI-assisted execution. Native platforms need to decide whether they are a supply source, a recommendation engine, a commerce-discovery layer, or an agent-readable decision surface — and get chosen by the agent.

Agentic planning

Buyers will ask AI tools to find audiences, recommend channels, allocate budget, and generate campaign plans.

Agentic activation

DSPs and platforms are adding autonomous setup, bidding, optimization, and budget movement — Trade Desk Kokai, Taboola Realize+, Reddit’s Max Campaigns (beta).

Agentic measurement

AI tools will summarize performance, detect anomalies, recommend tests, and explain incrementality.

Native platform implication

Native platforms need clean metadata, outcome definitions, quality scores, publisher taxonomy, content context, and API-ready reporting — and increasingly agent-to-agent readiness (e.g. emerging AdCP-style protocols) — to be chosen by agentic systems.

Agentic buying loop A closed loop: Buyer goal → AI planning agent → Platform / DSP → Native supply + signals → Measurement → Incrementality / BI → Budget recommendation → Next action → (back to the start). Native gets chosen here clean metadata · outcome mapping ·API-ready signals 1 Buyer goal 2 AI planning agent 3 Platform / DSP 4 Native supply +signals 5 Measurement 6 Incrementality /BI 7 Budgetrecommendation 8 Next action
Agentic buying loop

Agent-readiness checklist

  • content taxonomy
  • publisher quality score
  • placement metadata
  • audience definition
  • outcome mapping
  • brand safety fields
  • commerce signal
  • incrementality evidence
  • API / reporting access
  • clean-room compatibility
  • buyer-safe explanations

If the agent cannot understand your supply, quality, outcomes, and pricing rules, it will not choose you — even if a human buyer once did.

Proof

Representative outcomes.

These are anonymized patterns, not public client case studies, and they carry no invented metrics. Replace with approved, quantified proof where it exists.

Mid-market ceiling to enterprise motion

Before

A native platform had performance traction but was stuck in mid-market and transactional DR budgets.

Work

Built enterprise ACV math, buyer segmentation, a holdco entry map, and the M-Sales / D-Sales operating model.

After

A clearer path to higher-ACV pipeline and senior agency conversations.

Now has

an enterprise ACV model, a buyer-segmented ICP map, and an M-Sales / D-Sales operating design.

Native category repositioning

Before

The platform was being compared as another recommendation widget.

Work

Reframed the offer around commerce discovery, quality supply, measurable outcomes, and incrementality.

After

Shifted the conversation from cheap traffic to outcome infrastructure.

Now has

a repositioned narrative and a proof taxonomy that reframes the category at the buyer table.

Proof gap before holdco expansion

Before

The team had case studies but no buyer-safe measurement system for enterprise committees.

Work

Built an incrementality proof taxonomy, an objection pack, and a measurement narrative.

After

Reduced credibility gaps around attribution, quality, and retail / commerce value.

Now has

a buyer-safe incrementality proof taxonomy and objection pack for enterprise committees.

Objection handling

What the CRO will hear.

"We already buy Teads / Taboola."

Do not fight only on scale. Show where the challenger wins: transparency, vertical focus, service, commerce outcomes, incrementality, or premium supply.

"Native is cheap traffic."

Reframe around content discovery, commerce intent, measurable outcomes, and quality-adjusted performance.

"We cannot prove incrementality."

Offer a test plan: geo-lift, holdout, MMM input, retail data, or BI reconciliation.

"Brand budgets will not move to native."

Show native video, premium supply, CTV / cross-screen, attention, and mid-funnel proof.

"Retail media already owns commerce."

Position native as offsite discovery, content-to-commerce, audience extension, or a cross-publisher commerce layer.

"Our holdco team already has relationships."

Relationships are not access to the right committee. Map buyer roles, proof requirements, and budget ownership.

"We do not need another sales methodology."

This is not sales training. It is revenue-system design: market narrative, proof, ACV math, account motion, and operating cadence.

The motion

30 / 60 / 90 / 180 operating plan.

30 / 60 / 90 / 180-day enterprise sprint The sprint-and-retainer cadence — concrete outputs, not a vague roadmap.

30 / 60 / 90 / 180 enterprise motion Four phases on a timeline: 30 days Calibrate (market + competitor + holdco refresh, ACV / quota math, ICP segmentation, proof audit, M/D-Sales design, first 25 accounts); 60 days Arm (sales narrative, incrementality story, commerce wedge, objection pack, ABM content, stakeholder map, event plan); 90 days Operate (pipeline cadence, first enterprise meetings, proof packaging, pilot design, enablement, board-ready revenue view); 180 days Expand (higher-ACV pipeline, holdco + brand expansion, repeatable category proof, commerce integration, GTM rhythm). 30 days CALIBRATE market + competitor +holdco refresh, ACV /quota math, ICP 60 days ARM sales narrative,incrementality story,commerce wedge, 90 days OPERATE pipeline cadence,first enterprisemeetings, proof 180 days EXPAND higher-ACV pipeline,holdco + brandexpansion, repeatable
30 / 60 / 90 / 180 enterprise motion

30 days

  • market fact refresh
  • competitor map
  • holdco map
  • ACV / quota math
  • ICP segmentation
  • proof audit
  • M-Sales / D-Sales design
  • first 25 target accounts

60 days

  • sales narrative
  • measurement + incrementality story
  • commerce expansion wedge
  • objection pack
  • account-based content
  • agency stakeholder map
  • event / intro plan

90 days

  • pipeline operating cadence
  • first enterprise meetings
  • proof packaging
  • pilot design
  • sales enablement
  • reporting / dashboard
  • board-ready revenue view

180 days

  • higher-ACV pipeline
  • holdco + brand expansion
  • repeatable category proof
  • commerce / retail integration
  • case-study creation
  • GTM operating rhythm
  • M-Sales / D-Sales handoff
What ships

What ships.

ArtifactUsed byDecision it supports
Market + competitor refreshCEO / CRO / Boardwhere to play
Teads / Outbrain merger implications mapSales / Strategyhow to position vs. the incumbent
Post Omnicom-IPG holdco access mapSales / Partnershipswhich committee to enter, and how
ACV + quota productivity modelCRO / Founder / Financewhat reps must deliver
M-Sales / D-Sales operating designMarketing / Data / Producthow GTM ties to revenue
ICP + account sequencing + buyer committee mapSaleswho to pursue first
Enterprise sales narrativeSales / Marketingwhat to say
Measurement + incrementality modelBuyer / Analyticshow to make it trusted
Commerce / retail-media expansion planProduct / Commercewhere to extend
Objection + proof + case-study packSales / CS / Productwhat to prove
30 / 60 / 90 / 180 operating cadence + board-ready revenue modelCRO / Founderwhat happens next

Stop stalling at the holdco committee.

GTM & BD Sprint scoping into an Advisory Retainer. The 30/60/90/180-day map is the cadence of the sprint and retainer.